Table 2 Association of depression with participants demographic characteristics (N = 654)
Variables | Category | PHQ-9 (< 10) | PHQ-9 (≥ 10) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age |  | 66.15 (4.59) | 65.35 (5.21) | 0.066†|
Gender | Male | 197 (91.20%) | 19 (8.80%) | 0.097†|
| Â | Female | 380 (86.76%) | 58 (13.24%) | Â |
Education level | Primary school or lower | 308 (87.01%) | 46 (12.99%) | 0.508 |
| Â | Junior or senior high school | 234 (89.31%) | 28 (10.69%) | Â |
| Â | College or higher | 35 (92.11%) | 3 (7.89%) | Â |
Hukou | Agricultural | 393 (86.75%) | 60 (13.25%) | 0.080†|
| Â | Non-agricultural | 184 (91.54%) | 17 (8.46%) | Â |
Marital status | Currently married | 495 (89.51%) | 58 (10.49%) | 0.033* |
| Â | Widowed | 72 (80.00%) | 18 (20.00%) | Â |
| Â | Divorced | 10 (90.91%) | 1 (9.09%) | Â |
Living with marital partners | Living with marital partners | 300 (89.55%) | 35 (10.45%) | 0.281 |
| Â | Living separately from marital partners | 277 (86.83%) | 42 (13.17%) | Â |
Annual income | 0-Â¥5000 | 219 (87.95%) | 30 (12.05%) | 0.415 |
|  | ¥5001-¥10,000 | 107 (84.92%) | 19 (15.08%) |  |
|  | ¥10,001-¥40,000 | 177 (88.94%) | 22 (11.06%) |  |
| Â | >Â¥40,000 | 74 (92.50%) | 6 (7.50%) | Â |
Subjective health | Â | 3.05 (0.94) | 3.18 (0.91) | 0.630 |
Living arrangement | Living with adult children | 482 (87.80%) | 67 (12.20%) | 0.435 |
| Â | Living separately from adult children | 95 (90.48%) | 10 (9.52%) | Â |
Cause of migration | Grandparenting | 457 (90.32%) | 49 (9.68%) | 0.020* |
| Â | Enjoying life | 71 (82.56%) | 15 (17.44%) | Â |
| Â | Working | 15 (78.95%) | 4 (21.05%) | Â |
| Â | Other | 34 (79.07%) | 9 (20.93%) | Â |
Duration of migration | Â | 3.99 (1.45) | 3.70 (1.54) | 0.111 |