From: The effects of meditation on individuals facing loneliness: a scoping review
Author and year | Age | Ethnicity | Socioeconomic status | Education |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brooker et al. 2020 [22] | 38–85 | Australian country of birth (n = 23) Other (n = 4) | N/A | Primary (n = 1) Trade/vocational (n = 7) Undergraduate tertiary (n = 6) Postgraduate tertiary (n = 9) |
Rodriguez-Romero et al. 2020 [23] | > = 65 years | Hispanic/Spanish | Income € < 750/month (n = 1) €750–1000/month (n = 22) €1000–1500/month (n = 32) | Primary (n = 48) Secondary (n = 6) University (n = 1) |
Lee et al. 2019 [24] | 57–87 years | East Asian (Korean) | N/A | N/A |
Lindsay et al. 2019 [25] | 18–70 years | Hispanic or Latino (n = 7) Not Hispanic or Latino (n = 146) | N/A | GED (n = 3) High School diploma (n = 20) Technical training (n = 1) Some college (n = 41) Associate degree (n = 10) Bachelor's degree (n = 48) Master's degree (n = 26) MD, PhD, JD, PharmD (n = 4) |
Pandya 2019 [26] | 62–68 | South Asian | Middle class (n = 147) Upper class (n = 42) | College degree (n = 77) Higher qualifications (n = 112) |
Mascaro et al. 2018 [27] | 22–30 years | N/A | N/A | Second year medical school |
Kok et al. 2017 [28] | Adults (mean age 41.15) | German—no other information provided | N/A | N/A |
Tkatch et al. 2017 [29] | Adults | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Dodds et al. 2015 [30] | >  = 18 years | White (n = 11) Not White (n = 1) |  < $25,000 (n = 0) $25,000-$49,999 (n = 3) $50,000-$99,999 (n = 6)  > $100,000 (n = 3) | High school diploma or less (n = 0) Any college (n = 6) Any graduate school (n = 6) |
Samhkaniyan et al. 2015 [31] | 20–45 years | Iranian (Persian) | N/A | Minimum pre-high school diploma |
Black et al. 2014 [32] | 67.1 ± 7.2 | Caucasian (65%) | Mean 13.8 ± 4.0 | Mean 16.9 years of education ± 2.9 |
Creswell et al. 2012 [9] | 55–85 | Caucasian (n = 13) African American (n = 2) Asian American (n = 2) Latino(a) (n = 3) Native American (n = 0) Other (n = 0) | N/A | High school diploma (n = 0) Some college (n = 6) College degree (n = 3) Graduate work (n = 11) |
Jazaieri et al. 2012 [33] | Adults (mean 32.87 ± 8.83) | Caucasian (n = 13) Asian (n = 14) Hispanic (n = 3) Multiracial (n = 1) | N/A | Mean 16.40 ± 2.00 years of education |