Table 1 The adjustment of the effort–reward imbalance questionnaire items

Effort

ERI-1

I have constant time-pressure due to a heavy workload

E-1

I have constant time-pressure due to a heavy workload

ERI-2

I have many interruptions and disturbances in my job

E-2

I sacrifice a lot for pandemic-related work

ERI-3

I have a lot of responsibility in my job

E-3

I have a lot of responsibility in pandemic-related work

ERI-4

I am often pressured to work overtime

E-4

I need to work overtime for pandemic-related work

ERI-5

My job is physically demanding

ERI-6

Over the past few years, my job has become more and more demanding

Reward

Job promotion

Development

ERI-11

My job-promotion prospects are poor

R-1

Participating in pandemic-related work will improve my ability

ERI-14

My current occupational position adequately reflects my education and training

R-2

Participating in pandemic-related work will help my future development

ERI-16

Considering all of my efforts and achievements, my work prospects are adequate

ERI-17

Considering all of my efforts and achievements, my salary/income is adequate

Esteem

Esteem

ERI-7

I receive the respect I deserve from my superiors

R-3

I receive the respect I deserve from my superiors

ERI-8

I receive the respect I deserve from my colleagues

R-4

I receive the respect I deserve from my colleagues

ERI-9

I experience adequate support in difficult situations

R-5

I receive the respect I deserve from my service objects

ERI-10

I am treated unfairly at work

R-6

I receive the respect I deserve from society

ERI-15

Considering all of my efforts and achievements, I receive the respect and prestige I deserve

Job security

Job acceptance

ERI-12

I have experienced or I expect to experience an undesirable change in my work situation

R-7

I participate in noble work

ERI-13

My job security is poor

R-8

The work I am engaged in has important social significance

R-9

To be required to participate in pandemic-related work reflects your ability

Over-commitment

OC-1

I am easily overwhelmed by time-pressures at work

OC-1

I am often faced with unsolvable difficulties in pandemic-related work

OC-2

As soon as I get up in the morning, I start thinking about work problems

OC-2

As soon as I get up in the morning, I start thinking about work problems

OC-3

When I get home, I can easily relax and “switch off” work

OC-3

When I get home, I can easily relax and “switch off” pandemic-related work

OC-4

People close to me say I sacrifice too much for my job

OC-4

People close to me say I sacrifice too much for my job

OC-5

Work rarely lets me go; it is still on my mind when I go to bed

OC-5

Pandemic-related work rarely lets me go; it is still on my mind when go to bed

OC-6

If I postpone something that I was supposed to do today, I’ll have trouble sleeping at night