From: Vision loss, vision difficulty and psychological distress in South Africa: results from SANHANES-1
 | Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 3d | Model 4e | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Self-reported myopia | ||||||||
None | Ref | – | Ref | – | Ref | – | Ref | – |
Mild | 1.9 | 1.3–2.7 | 1.9 | 1.3–2.7 | 1.7 | 1.2–2.5 | 1.9 | 1.3–2.7 |
Moderate | 2.6 | 1.7–3.9 | 2.7 | 1.8–4.0 | 2.3 | 1.5–3.4 | 2.4 | 1.6–3.7 |
Severe/extreme/unable | 4.2 | 2.2–7.7 | 3.9 | 2.1–7.2 | 3.2 | 1.6–6.3 | 3.6 | 1.8–7.3 |
Self-reported hyperopia | ||||||||
None | Ref | – | Ref | – | Ref | – | Ref | – |
Mild | 1.8 | 1.3–2.7 | 1.8 | 1.3–2.5 | 1.6 | 1.1–2.3 | 1.7 | 1.2–2.5 |
Moderate | 2.4 | 1.6–3.7 | 2.5 | 1.6–4.0 | 2.2 | 1.3–3.5 | 2.4 | 1.5–3.8 |
Severe/extreme/unable | 3.7 | 2.2–6.4 | 3.8 | 2.1–6.8 | 3.3 | 1.7–6.2 | 3.5 | 1.8–6.8 |
Clinician assessed vision loss | ||||||||
Normal | Ref | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Loss of vision | 1.1 | 0.8–1.5 | 1.1 | 0.8–1.5 | 1 | 0.8–1.4 | 1 | 0.7–1.4 |