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Table 2 Changes in the participants’ psychological distress (GHQ-12 Likert scores) from the end of the study program until 3 years into their professional work lives

From: The transition from university to work: what happens to mental health? A longitudinal study

Groups

n

End of study program

3-year follow-up

Test

ES

M (SD)

M (SD)

p

d

Total sample

773

11.7 (5.3)

10.8 (4.7)

< 0.001

0.14

Healthcare

357

11.9 (5.4)

10.5 (4.4)

< 0.001

0.22

Teachers

228

11.3 (5.0)

11.1 (5.2)

0.56

0.03

Social workers

188

11.7 (5.2)

10.9 (4.6)

0.08

0.12

  1. Effect sizes (ESs) are calculated by Morris’ (2008) formula: σD = σ·2·1-ρ, see http://www.psychometrica.de/effect_size.html