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Table 5 Some proposed ‘z’ codes in a ‘PMC x.y.z’ taxonomy

From: A new conception and subsequent taxonomy of clinical psychological problems

x.1.1

Cognitive avoidance

x.1.2

Emotional avoidance

x.1.3

Behavioural avoidance

x.2.1

Lack of information

x.2.2

‘Irrational beliefs’

x.2.3

Negative self-talk/rumination

x.3.1

Seeing threat everywhere

x.3.2

Seeing failure everywhere

x.3.3

Seeing dislike/disrespect everywhere

x.4.1

Low energy levels

x.4.2

Poor concentration/decision making

x.4.3

Effects of nightmares

x.4.4

Mood effects

x.5.1

Attention-seeking reinforcement

x.5.2

Tangible, concrete reinforcement

x.5.3

Escape conditioning

x.5.4

A low reinforcement environment

x.6.1

Resorting to alcohol/drugs

x.6.2

Resorting to escape/denial

x.6.3

Resorting to aggression

x.6.4

Resorting to self-harm

x.6.5

Reduced social support

x.6.6

Reduced exercise/activity

x.6.7

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