Subclinical sample | Patient sample | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iran | Germany | Statistical comparison | Iran | Germany | Statistical comparison | |
N | 264 | 102 | 87 | 90 | ||
Age (M, SD years) | 29.6 (12.0) | 28.0 (9.2) | t(222.5) = 1.38 | 34.2 (10.2) | 41.0 (13.1) | t(169.6) = 3.92*** |
Sex (% female) | 62.2 | 79.4 | χ2 (2) = 17.13*** | 69.2 | 60.4 | χ2 (1) = 1.54 |
Educational level (%) | χ2 (5) = 29.36*** | χ2 (5) = 58.72*** | ||||
Primary school | 1.2 | – | 11.1 | 1.1 | ||
Secondary school | 1.2 | – | 6.7 | 26.7 | ||
Diploma | 28.8 | 52.9 | 23.3 | 54.4 | ||
Associate degree | 6.8 | 10.8 | 10.0 | 10.0 | ||
Bachelor’s degree | 34.0 | 11.8 | 35.6 | 2.2 | ||
Master’s degree | 28.0 | 24.5 | 13.3 | 5.6 | ||
Religiousness (%) | χ2 (2) = 55.32*** | χ2 (2) = 35.4*** | ||||
Believer in religion | 43.0 | 18.2 | 48.8 | 10.0 | ||
Merely doing duties | 40.8 | 27.3 | 39.3 | 53.3 | ||
Without religious belief | 16.2 | 54.5 | 11.9 | 36.7 | ||
Diagnosis (%) | ||||||
Mood | – | – | – | 64.8 | 77.8 | |
Anxiety | – | – | – | 35.2 | 6.1 | |
Mixed | – | – | – | – | 16.1 | |
Hospitalization (%) | – | – | – | 31.7 | 53.5 | χ2 (1) = 8.3** |
Outpatient treatment (%) | – | – | – | 72.1 | 67.4 | χ2 (1) = 0.45 |
Mental stress (M, SD) | ||||||
PHQ9a | 8.1 (5.3) | 6.5 (4.0) | t(238.4) = 3.20** | 14.0 (6.5) | 7.6 (4.9) | t(167.2) = − 7.38*** |
GAD7b | 5.2 (4.4) | 4.1 (2.0) | t(358.6) = 8.45*** | 10.6 (5.8) | 3.5 (2.3) | t(115.6) = − |
PHQ15c | 8.6 (4.7) | 4.1 (2.0) | 11.7 (5.1) | 4.8 (3.3) | 10.85*** | |
SOMS7d | 5.5 (6.1) | 1.9 (2.4) | t(372.1) = 13.20***t | 10.5 (8.6) | 5.3 (5.8) | t(154.7) = 10.80*** |
(372.4) = 8.19*** | t(156.5) = 4.73*** |