Table 2 Sample description
Typical development | Language impairment | |
|---|---|---|
Monolingual  • Finnish | NMonoTD = 80 | NMonoDLD = 136 |
Bilingual  • L1 not Finnish  • L2 Finnish (≥ 1 yr exposure to Finnish in kindergarten) | NBiTD = 80 | NBiDLD = 91 |
Recruited from | Kindergartens | Department of Phoniatrics |
Exclusion criteria | • PIQ < 85 • Difficulties in language acquisition or other development  ∘ Suspected or diagnosed in child  ∘ Diagnosed in parents or siblings | • PIQ < 70 • Diagnosed neurological impairment or disability • Hearing impairment • ASD • Oral anomalies |
Speech and language therapy | Short guidance on individual speech sounds allowed | SLT assessment or intervention required |