From: Neurodevelopmental profile of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A systematic review
Reference | Age range (years) | Comparison | Items endorsed | Sensitivity | 95% CIa | Specificity | 95% CIa | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | ||||||
Breiner et al. [23] | 4 to 6 | FASD (n = 17) vs. Deferred/Controls (n = 43)b | ≥5 items (items 1, 2, 4–8; acts young, disobedient, lacks guilt, difficulty concentrating, impulsivity, hyperactive, cruelty)c | 94% | 88% | 100% | 96% | 91% | 100% |
Haynes et al. [26] | 6 to 12 | Children born to and reared by mothers with depression (n = 49) vs. Controls (n = 22) | ≥6 items (out of items 1–7; acts young, disobedient, lie/cheat, lacks guilt, difficulty concentrating, impulsivity, hyperactive) OR ≥3 items (out of items 1, 2, 3, and 4; acts young, disobedient, lie/cheat, lacks guilt) | - | - | - | 100% | - | - |
LaFrance et al. [24] | 6 to 17 | FASD (n = 48) vs. Controls (n = 32) | ≥6 items (out of items 1–7; acts young, disobedient, lie/cheat, lacks guilt, difficulty concentrating, impulsivity, hyperactive) OR ≥3 items (out of items 1, 2, 3, and 4; acts young, disobedient, lie/cheat, lacks guilt) | 63% | 53% | 74% | 100% | - | - |
Children prenatally exposed to alcohol who did not meet the criteria for an FASD diagnosis (n = 22) vs. Controls (n = 32) | ≥6 items (out of items 1–7; acts young, disobedient, lie/cheat, lacks guilt, difficulty concentrating, impulsivity, hyperactive) OR ≥3 items (out of items 1, 2, 3, and 4; acts young, disobedient, lie/cheat, lacks guilt) | 50% | 37% | 63% | 100% | - | - | ||
Nash et al. [21] | 6 to 18 | FASD (n = 30) vs. Controls (n = 30) | ≥6 items (out of items 1–7; acts young, disobedient, lie/cheat, lacks guilt, difficulty concentrating, impulsivity, hyperactive) | 86% | 77% | 95% | 82% | 72% | 92% |
FASD (n = 30) vs. ADHD (n = 30) | ≥2 items (out of items 1, 4, and 8; acts young, lacks guilt, cruelty) | 70% | 58% | 82% | 80% | 70% | 90% | ||
≥3 items (out of items 1, 4, 8, 9, and 10; acts young, lacks guilt, cruelty, steals from home, steals from outside home) | 81% | 71% | 91% | 72% | 61% | 83% | |||
Nash et al. [22] | 6 to 18 | FASD (n = 56) vs. Controls (n = 53) | ≥3 items (out of all 10 items; acts young, disobedient, lie/cheat, lacks guilt, difficulty concentrating, impulsivity, hyperactive, cruelty, steals from home, steals from outside home) | 98% | 95% | 100% | 42% | 33% | 51% |
FASD (n = 56) vs. ADHD (n = 50) | ≥2 items (out of items 1, 4, 8, 9, and 10; acts young, lacks guilt, cruelty, steals from home, steals from outside home) | 89% | 83% | 95% | 42% | 33% | 51% | ||
FASD (n = 56) vs. ODD/CD (n = 61) | 1 item (item 1; acts young) | - | - | - | - | - | - |