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Table 2 Frequency and distribution of depressive symptoms by exposure status among women

From: Prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms in relation to rural-to-urban migration in India: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Women

Total (N)

Rural-urban migrants

(N,%)

Urban residents (N,%)

Rural residents (N,%)

P-value a

Presence Of Individual Symptoms: b

 Decreased Interest Or Pleasure

90

47 (21.5)

16 (19.3)

27 (23.7)

0.88

 Depressed Mood

68

29 (13.2)

15 (18.1)

24 (21.1)

0.06

 Insomnia Or Hypersomnia

94

46 (21.0)

21 (25.3)

27 (23.7)

0.82

 Fatigue Or Loss Of Energy

96

47 (21.5)

17 (20.5)

32 (28.1)

0.60

 Poor Appetite Or Overeating

43

17 (7.8)

11 (13.3)

15 (13.2)

0.30

 Feelings Of Worthlessness Or Inappropriate Guilt

20

7 (3.2)

7 (8.4)

6 (5.3)

0.18

 Diminished Ability To Think Or Concentrate

21

9 (4.1)

2 (2.4)

10 (8.8)

0.41

 Psychomotor Retardation Or Agitation

42

19 (8.7)

7 (8.4)

16 (14.0)

0.67

 Thoughts Of Death Or Suicide Or Self-Harm

20

6 (2.7)

4 (4.8)

10 (8.8)

0.07

Overall Severity Of Symptoms:

 None/Minimal Symptoms

369

201 (91.8)

73 (87.9)

95 (83.3)

0.14

 Mild To Severe Symptoms c

47

18 (8.2)

10 (12.1)

19 (16.7)

Presence Of Any Depressive Disorder d

13

3 (1.4)

7 (8.4)

3 (2.6)

Na e

Total

416

219

83

114

 
  1. a Evidence for a difference across exposure groups; P-values derived from likelihood ratio tests based on logistic regression with random effects to account for sib-pair correlations; age-adjusted
  2. b According to the patient health questionnaire
  3. c Including 2 women without current symptoms but on anti-depressant medication
  4. d Including major depression and other depressive disorders
  5. e Not applicable (scarcity of data)