Skip to main content

Table 1 Instruments assessing inclusion and exclusion criteria, primary/secondary outcomes, moderators, mediators, and common factor

From: Psychological skills training and a mindfulness-based intervention to enhance functional athletic performance: design of a randomized controlled trial using ambulatory assessment

Concept

Measurement (items)a

Time pointsb

T0

T1

T2

T3

Inclusion/exclusion criteria

     

  Clinical level of psychopathology

BSI-18 (18)

x

   

  Experience with PST/MI

-

x

   

Primary outcome measure

     

 Functional athletic behavior

Ambulatory assessment

 

x

x

x

Secondary outcome measures

     

 Psychological variables

     

  State anxiety

CAI-S (scales cognitive and somatic anxiety, 8)

 

x

x

x

  Cognitive interference

TOQS (17)

 

x

x

x

  Negative outcome expectation

CAI-S (confidence scale inversed, 4)

 

x

x

x

 Athletic performance

     

  Objective measures

E.g., win/lose, points scored

 

x

x

x

  Subjective measures

Self-rated measures of performance

 

x

x

x

Mediators

     

  Use of psychological skills

TOPS (scales self-talk, imagery, goal-setting, relaxation and activation, 20)

 

x

x

x

  Ability to control thoughts and emotions

TOPS (scales negative cognitions and emotional control, 8)

 

x

x

x

  Mindfulness

FFMQ-SF (24) & AMQ (16)

 

x

x

x

  Acceptance of (unpleasant) experiences

SEC-27 (acceptance scale, 3) & AAQ-II (inversed, 9)

 

x

x

x

  Defusion

EQ (decentering scale, 7), DSS (12)

 

x

x

x

  General attention

ANT

 

x

x

x

Moderators

     

  Task difficulty

-

 

x

x

x

  Importance of game/competition

-

 

x

x

x

  Demographic characteristics

-

x

   

  Task- & ego-orientation

TEOSQ (13)

 

x

  

  Self-esteem

RSC (10)

 

x

  

  Self-compassion

SCS short form (12)

 

x

  

Common factor & practice time

     

  Athletes’ expectancy of the intervention

- (3)

 

x

  

  Practice time

Practice sheets

  

x

x

  1. aBSI brief symptom inventory, CAI-S competition anxiety inventory state, TOQS thought occurrence questionnaire sport, TOPS test of performance strategies, FFMQ-SF five facets mindfulness questionnaire short form, AMQ athletic mindfulness questionnaire, SEC-27 self-assessment of emotional competencies, AAQ-II acceptance and action questionnaire, EQ experience questionnaire, DSS decentering scale for sport, ANT attention network test, TEOSQ task ego orientation sport questionnaire, RSC rosenbergs’s self-esteem scale, SCS self compassion scale
  2. bT0 = Before randomization T1 = pre-intervention, T2 = post intervention, T3 = 2 months follow up