General self-efficacy and posttraumatic stress after a natural disaster: a longitudinal study

BMC Psychology

Table 3 Predictions of posttraumatic stress reactions at 6 months (N = 617)

	Multiple analyses model 1	Multiple analyses model 2 (model 1 + GPSES)
	IES-R at 6 months	IES-R at 6 months
Fixed effects:
Intercept	0.63 (0.38, 0.89)***	0.61 (0.36, 0.86)***
Gender
Male	−0.46 (−0.58,–0.35)***	−0.42 (−0.53,−0.31)***
Female^a	0	0
Age	0.03 (−0.03, 0.10)	0.03 (−0.04, 0.09)
Exposure
Indirectly exposed	−0.44 (−0.68,−0.20)***	−0.44 (−0.67,−0.21)***
Exposed but not in danger	−0.05 (−0.23, 0.14)	−0.03 (−0.21, 0.14)
In danger^a	0	0
Perceived threat of death	0.32 (0.23, 0.41)***	0.32 (0.23, 0.40)***
Loss
No loss	−0.35 (−0.58,−0.12)**	−0.35 (−0.57,−0.12)**
Loss of family or close friend^a	0	0
Social support satisfaction	−0.32 (−0.38,−0.26)***	−0.28 (−0.34,−0.22)***
GPSES		−0.18 (−0.24,−0.12)***
Explained variance:
Between households	38.2 %	42.9 %
Between individuals within households	36.9 %	39.6 %
Total explained variance	37.6 %	40.8 %
Model fit:
AIC (original data)	1287.96	1267.34

Multilevel linear regression analyses controlled for the effect of the same address based on multiple imputed data. The values are regression coefficients (with 95 % confidence intervals presented in parentheses). All continuous variables were standardized (M = 0, SD = 1) before being entered into the model as dependent or independent variables. All predictors were measured at 6 months post-disaster
AIC Akaike’s Information Criterion, GPSES General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, IES-R Impact of Event Scale-Revised
**p ≤ .01; ***p ≤ .001
^aFemales, those who had been exposed to danger, and those who had lost family or close friends were set to have a mean of 0 in the mixed effects models

ISSN: 2050-7283