Table 1 Overview of interventions used (in percentages) by Dutch cognitive behavioural therapists in the treatment of anxiety disorders
Social Anxiety (n = 476) | (Specific) Phobia (n = 448) | OCD (n = 443) | Panic (n = 467) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequently | Occasionally | Sometimes | Never | Frequently | Occasionally | Sometimes | Never | Frequently | Occasionally | Sometimes | Never | Frequently | Occasionally | Sometimes | Never | |
Basic interventions | ||||||||||||||||
Drawing-up anxiety hierarchy | 69.9 | 22.1 | 6.5 | 1.5 | 82.8 | 10.3 | 4.2 | 2.7 | 75.3 | 15.6 | 6.8 | 2.3 | 83.2 | 11.3 | 3.4 | 2.1 |
Explaining rational exposure | 94.5 | 4.2 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 96.3 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 94.3 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 96.4 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
Exposure interventions | ||||||||||||||||
Therapist-directed in vivo exposure | 35.1 | 37.2 | 21.2 | 6.5 | 52.2 | 30.8 | 12.1 | 4.9 | 39.1 | 38.1 | 17.4 | 5.4 | 52.3 | 26.1 | 16.7 | 4.9 |
In vivo self-exposure | 78.4 | 14.9 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 79.9 | 13.6 | 4.5 | 2.0 | 82.1 | 10.6 | 5 | 2.3 | 82.7 | 11.6 | 3.6 | 2.1 |
Imaginal exposure | 24.6 | 37.8 | 28.4 | 9.2 | 26.8 | 37.7 | 23.0 | 12.5 | 20.5 | 34.6 | 28.4 | 16.5 | 28.1 | 31.6 | 24 | 16.3 |
Exposure and response prevention | 45.4 | 28.8 | 15.5 | 10.3 | 47.6 | 23.4 | 16.1 | 12.9 | 87.4 | 9.9 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 47.3 | 20.6 | 17.1 | 15 |
Interoceptive exposure | 13.7 | 26.3 | 33.1 | 26.9 | 7.8 | 26.1 | 29.2 | 36.9 | 7.4 | 19.6 | 29.8 | 43.2 | 61 | 16.9 | 13.7 | 8.4 |
Exposure homework assignments | 89.1 | 8.4 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 89.2 | 8.3 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 89.2 | 8.8 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 90.7 | 6.9 | 1.5 | 0.9 |
CT | ||||||||||||||||
Cognitive restructuring | 83.8 | 14.1 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 67.4 | 22.1 | 8.5 | 2.0 | 76.3 | 17.6 | 4.5 | 1.6 | 82.9 | 14.3 | 2.6 | 0.2 |
Homework assignments for cognitive restructuring | 74.4 | 19.3 | 5.7 | 0.6 | 59.4 | 23.9 | 11.6 | 5.1 | 68.6 | 22.1 | 7.0 | 2.3 | 76.8 | 17.8 | 4.5 | 0.9 |
General | ||||||||||||||||
Psycho-education | 89.5 | 8.0 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 85.7 | 7.8 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 88.5 | 6.1 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 89.1 | 6.6 | 1.9 | 2.4 |
Breathing exercises | 29.8 | 30.5 | 22.3 | 17.4 | 25.9 | 29 | 21.4 | 23.7 | 16.7 | 24.8 | 23.9 | 34.6 | 43.7 | 25.9 | 14.3 | 16.1 |
Relaxation exercises | 28.2 | 35.9 | 25.4 | 10.5 | 26.6 | 33.2 | 23 | 17.2 | 19.9 | 29.3 | 26 | 24.8 | 44.5 | 29.6 | 14.8 | 11.1 |