Study | Mean age (all patients) | Female (% all patients) | Treatment-resistanceA | Bipolar (%)B | Psychotic (%)C | MedicationD | Data source | ScaleE | Mean ± SD(number of patients) depression severity score | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Last sessionF | Baseline – last session | ||||||||||||
Sham | rTMS | Sham | rTMS | Sham | rTMS | |||||||||
George et al. ([1997]) | 42 | 92% | some | + 8% | N/A | + | Tab one | HAMD21 | 26 ± 3 (5) | 30 ± 4 (7) | 30 ± 8 (5) | 23 ± 9 (7) | -4 ± 7 (5) | 7 ± 8 (7) |
Avery et al. ([1999]) | 44 | 83% | + | + 17% | - | + | Tab one | HAMD21 | 20 ± 8 (2) | 21 ± 7 (4) | 15 ± 2 (2) | 11 ± 4 (4) | 5 ± 7 (2) | 10 ± 6 (4) |
BDI21 | 20 ± 7 (2) | 28 ± 7 (4) | 14 ± 11 (2) | 20 ± 11 (4) | 6 ± 10 (2) | 8 ± 10 (4) | ||||||||
Kimbrell et al. ([1999]) | 42 | 54% | N/A | + 31% | N/A | - | All (Tab one) | HAMD21 | 24 ± 7 (3) | 30 ± 8 (10) | 25 ± 10 (3) | 27 ± 10 (10) | -1 ± 9 (3) | 3 ± 9 (10) |
20Hz | 24 ± 7 (3) | 25 ± 7 (5) | 25 ± 10 (3) | 28 ± 8 (5) | -1 ± 9 (3) | -3 ± 8 (5) | ||||||||
1Hz | 24 ± 7 (3) | 34 ± 8 (5) | 25 ± 10 (3) | 27 ± 13 (5) | -1 ± 9 (3) | 7 ± 11 (5) | ||||||||
Klein et al. ([1999]) | 59 | 76% | - | + 19% | + 23% | + | Tab two | HAMD17 | 25 ± 6 (32) | 26 ± 6 (35) | 20 ± 10 (32) | 14 ± 9 (35) | 5 ± 9 (32) | 12 ± 8 (35) |
MADRS | 34 ± 8 (32) | 34 ± 5 (35) | 27 ± 12 (32) | 20 ± 12 (35) | 7 ± 11 (32) | 14 ± 10 (35) | ||||||||
Loo et al. ([1999]) | 48 | 50% | some | + 17% | + 6% | + | Authors | HAMD21 | 25 ± 6 (9) | 21 ± 7 (9) | 19 ± 7 (9) | 17 ± 7 (9) | 6 ± 7 (9) | 4 ± 7 (9) |
MADRS | 38 ± 6 (9) | 33 ± 9 (9) | 29 ± 10 (9) | 26 ± 9 (9) | 9 ± 9 (9) | 7 ± 9 (9) | ||||||||
Padberg et al. ([1999]) | 51 | 61% | + | - | N/A | + | All | HAMD21 | 22 ± 9 (6) | 28 ± 9 (12) | 24 ± 10 (6) | 25 ± 8 (12) | -2 ± 10 (6) | 3 ± 8 (12) |
Text 10Hz | 22 ± 9 (6) | 30 ± 10 (6) | 24 ± 10 (6) | 28 ± 9 (6) | -2 ± 10 (6) | 2 ± 10 (6) | ||||||||
Fig one 0.3Hz | 22 ± 9 (6) | 27 ± 9 (6) | 24 ± 10 (6) | 22 ± 6 (6) | -2 ± 10 (6) | 5 ± 8 (6) | ||||||||
Berman et al. ([2000]) | 42 | 30% | some | + 5% | + 5% | - | Tab one | HAMD25 | 37 ± 8 (10) | 37 ± 10 (10) | 36 ± 9 (10) | 25 ± 9 (10) | 1 ± 8 (10) | 12 ± 10 (10) |
Eschweiler et al. ([2000]) | 57 | 67% | N/A | - | + 8% | + | Tab one | HAMD21 | 20 ± 4 (5) | 27 ± 4 (7) | 23 ± 6 (5) | 22 ± 5 (7) | -3 ± 5 (5) | 5 ± 5 (7) |
BDI21 | 28 ± 10 (5) | 40 ± 6 (7) | 32 ± 9 (5) | 33 ± 11 (7) | -4 ± 10 (5) | 7 ± 10 (7) | ||||||||
George et al. ([2000]) | 44 | 63% | N/A | + 30% | - | - | All (Tab one) | HAMD21 | 24 ± 4 (10) | 28 ± 6 (20) | 19 ± 6 (10) | 18 ± 9 (20) | 5 ± 5 (10) | 10 ± 8 (20) |
Garcia-Toro et al. ([2001a]) | 51 | 43% | + | - | N/A | + | Tab two | HAMD21 | 26 ± 5 (18) | 27 ± 7 (17) | 24 ± 4 (18) | 20 ± 6 (17) | 2 ± 5 (18) | 7 ± 7 (17) |
BDI17 | 26 ± 6 (18) | 27 ± 9 (17) | 24 ± 5 (18) | 22 ± 7 (17) | 2 ± 6 (18) | 5 ± 8 (17) | ||||||||
Garcia-Toro et al. ([2001b]) | 44 | 55% | - | N/A | N/A | +D1 | Tab one | HAMD21 | 27 ± 6 (11) | 26 ± 6 (11) | 18 ± 9 (11) | 16 ± 8 (11) | 9 ± 8 (11) | 10 ± 7 (11) |
BDI17 | 23 ± 7 (11) | 27 ± 8 (11) | 21 ± 8 (11) | 19 ± 7 (11) | 2 ± 8 (11) | 8 ± 8 (11) | ||||||||
Manes et al. ([2001]) | 61 | 50% | some | N/A | N/A | - | Tab two | HAMD21 | 23 ± 7 (10) | 23 ± 5 (10) | 16 ± 8 (10) | 14 ± 5 (10) | 7 ± 8 (10) | 9 ± 5 (10) |
Boutros et al. ([2002]) | 51 | 22% | + | - | N/A | + | Tab two | HAMD25 | 36 ± 4 (7) | 40 ± 10 (11) | 26 ± 13 (7) | 27 ± 13 (11) | 10 ± 12 (7) | 13 ± 12 (11) |
Padberg et al. ([2002]) | 57 | 70% | + | N/A | N/A | + | All (Tab one, Fig two) | HAMD21 | 24 ± 6 (10) | 24 ± 6 (10) | 22 ± 6 (10) | 17 ± 9 (10) | 2 ± 6 (10) | 7 ± 8 (10) |
MADRS | 30 ± 6 (10) | 29 ± 6 (10) | 29 ± 6 (10) | 19 ± 9 (10) | 1 ± 6 (10) | 10 ± 8 (10) | ||||||||
Fitzgerald et al. ([2003]) | 46 | 43% | + | + 10% | N/A | + | All | MADRS | 36 ± 8 (20) | 37 ± 8 (40) | 35 ± 8 (20) | 32 ± 8 (40) | 1 ± 8 (20) | 5 ± 8 (40) |
BDI21 | 32 ± 9 (20) | 34 ± 11 (40) | 29 ± 9 (20) | 27 ± 11 (40) | 3 ± 9 (20) | 7 ± 11 (40) | ||||||||
Tab two 10Hz | MADRS | 36 ± 8 (20) | 36 ± 8 (20) | 35 ± 8 (20) | 31 ± 8 (20) | 1 ± 8 (20) | 5 ± 8 (20) | |||||||
BDI21 | 32 ± 9 (20) | 33 ± 12 (20) | 29 ± 9 (20) | 27 ± 12 (20) | 3 ± 9 (20) | 6 ± 12 (20) | ||||||||
Tab two 1Hz | MADRS | 36 ± 8 (20) | 38 ± 8 (20) | 35 ± 8 (20) | 32 ± 9 (20) | 1 ± 8 (20) | 6 ± 8 (20) | |||||||
BDI21 | 32 ± 9 (20) | 35 ± 9 (20) | 29 ± 9 (20) | 27 ± 11 (20) | 3 ± 9 (20) | 8 ± 10 (20) | ||||||||
Höppner et al. ([2003]) | 59 | 70% | N/A | + 3% | - | + | Fig two 20Hz | HAMD21 | 25 ± 8 (10) | 22 ± 4 (10) | 13 ± 8 (10) | 14 ± 5 (10) | 12 ± 8 (10) | 8 ± 5 (10) |
Fig one 20Hz | BDI21 | 28 ± 8 (10) | 26 ± 7 (10) | 22 ± 11 (10) | 18 ± 8 (10) | 6 ± 10 (10) | 8 ± 8 (10) | |||||||
Loo et al. ([2003]) | 52 | 79% | some | + 16% | N/A | + | Authors | HAMD17 | 20 ± 4 (10) | 24 ± 5 (9) | 16 ± 7 (10) | 19 ± 8 (9) | 4 ± 6 (10) | 5 ± 7 (9) |
MADRS | 33 ± 5 (10) | 38 ± 6 (9) | 27 ± 10 (10) | 31 ± 14 (9) | 6 ± 9 (10) | 7 ± 12 (9) | ||||||||
Nahas et al. ([2003]) | 43 | 61% | N/A | + 100% | N/A | - | Authors | HAMD28 | 33 ± 8 (12) | 32 ± 4 (11) | 24 ± 12 (12) | 24 ± 12 (11) | 9 ± 11 (12) | 8 ± 11 (11) |
Buchholtz et al. ([2004]) | 50 | 31% | N/A | + 23% | N/A | + | Authors | HAMD17 | 24 ± 5 (7) | 26 ± 3 (6) | 13 ± 10 (7) | 16 ± 3 (6) | 11 ± 9 (7) | 10 ± 3 (6) |
Hausmann et al. ([2004]) | 47 | 61% | N/A | N/A | - | +D1 | Tab two | HAMD21 | 34 ± 4 (13) | 32 ± 6 (25) | 22 ± 8 (13) | 18 ± 9 (25) | 12 ± 7 (13) | 14 ± 8 (25) |
BDI13 | 31 ± 12 (13) | 32 ± 10 (25) | 21 ± 14 (13) | 17 ± 12 (25) | 10 ± 13 (13) | 15 ± 11 (25) | ||||||||
Holtzheimer et al. ([2004]) | 43 | 47% | + | - | - | - | Tab two | HAMD17 | 21 ± 6 (8) | 23 ± 5 (7) | 15 ± 3 (8) | 15 ± 3 (7) | 6 ± 5 (8) | 8 ± 4 (7) |
BDI21 | 28 ± 11 (8) | 30 ± 10 (7) | 22 ± 2 (8) | 24 ± 3 (7) | 6 ± 10 (8) | 6 ± 9 (7) | ||||||||
Kauffmann et al. ([2004]) | 52 | 92% | + | N/A | N/A | + | Text | HAMD21 | 18 ± 5 (5) | 22 ± 6 (7) | 12 ± 4 (5) | 11 ± 8 (7) | 6 ± 4 (5) | 11 ± 7 (7) |
Koerselman et al. ([2004]) | 52 | 56% | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | Tab four | HAMD17 | 26 ± 6 (26) | 26 ± 4 (26) | 22 ± 7 (24) | 21 ± 7 (25) | 4 ± 7 (25) | 5 ± 6 (26) |
Mosimann et al. ([2004]) | 62 | 42% | + | + 17% | N/A | + | Tab three | HAMD21 | 24 ± 7 (9) | 28 ± 5 (15) | 20 ± 7 (9) | 23 ± 7 (15) | 4 ± 7 (9) | 5 ± 6 (15) |
BDI21 | 28 ± 11 (9) | 30 ± 9 (15) | 23 ± 11 (9) | 24 ± 13 (15) | 5 ± 11 (9) | 6 ± 12 (15) | ||||||||
Poulet et al. ([2004]) | 43 | 47% | N/A | N/A | N/A | +D1 | Authors | MADRS | 36 ± 7 (9) | 33 ± 5 (10) | 17 ± 9 (9) | 16 ± 8 (10) | 19 ± 8 (9) | 17 ± 7 (10) |
BDI13 | 18 ± 6 (9) | 21 ± 8 (10) | 11 ± 7 (9) | 14 ± 7 (10) | 7 ± 7 (9) | 7 ± 8 (10) | ||||||||
Rossini et al. ([2005])a | 47 | 80% | - | - | - | +D1 | Tab two | HAMD21 |  |  |  |  | 8 ± 7 (47) | 13 ± 7 (49) |
Rumi et al. ([2005]) | 39 | 85% | N/A | N/A | - | + | Fig two | MADRS | 39 ± 8 (24) | 38 ± 8 (22) | 28 ± 12 (24) | 14 ± 11 (22) | 11 ± 11 (24) | 24 ± 10 (22) |
Su et al. ([2005]) | 43 | 73% | + | + 17% | - | + | All (Tab two) | HAMD21 | 23 ± 5 (10) | 24 ± 7 (20) | 19 ± 8 (10) | 11 ± 7 (20) | 4 ± 7 (10) | 13 ± 7 (20) |
BDI21 | 33 ± 10 (10) | 31 ± 9 (20) | 29 ± 15 (10) | 16 ± 10 (20) | 4 ± 13 (10) | 15 ± 10 (20) | ||||||||
Avery et al. ([2006]) | 44 | 54% | + | - | - | + | Tab one, Text | HAMD17 | 24 ± 3 (33) | 24 ± 4 (35) | 20 ± 6 (33) | 16 ± 8 (35) | 4 ± 5 (33) | 8 ± 7 (35) |
BDI21 | 28 ± 8 (33) | 28 ± 9 (35) | 24 ± 8 (33) | 17 ± 13 (35) | 4 ± 8 (33) | 11 ± 12 (35) | ||||||||
Fitzgerald et al. ([2006]) | 45 | 62% | + | + 16% | - | + | Authors, Tab two | HAMD17 | 20 ± 5 (22) | 23 ± 7 (25) | 17 ± 6 (22) | 16 ± 7 (25) | 3 ± 6 (22) | 7 ± 7 (25) |
BDI21 | 29 ± 10 (22) | 29 ± 10 (25) | 22 ± 14 (22) | 18 ± 10 (25) | 7 ± 12 (22) | 11 ± 10 (25) | ||||||||
MADRS | 34 ± 6 (22) | 34 ± 6 (25) | 31 ± 8 (22) | 26 ± 10 (25) | 3 ± 7 (22) | 8 ± 9 (25) | ||||||||
Garcia-Toro et al. ([2006]) | 48 | 55% | + | - | - | + | Tab two | HAMD21 | 25 ± 7 (10) | 27 ± 5 (10) | 24 ± 8 (10) | 20 ± 8 (10) | 1 ± 8 (10) | 7 ± 7 (10) |
Januel et al. ([2006]) | 38 | 78% | - | - | N/A | - | Tab one | HAMD17 | 22 ± 3 (16) | 22 ± 4 (11) | 17 ± 5 (16) | 10 ± 6 (11) | 5 ± 4 (16) | 12 ± 5 (11) |
Anderson et al. ([2007]) | 47 | 55% | some | N/A | N/A | + | Tab one | MADRS | 28 ± 7 (14) | 27 ± 4 (11) | 23 ± 10 (14) | 15 ± 10 (11) | 5 ± 9 (14) | 12 ± 9 (11) |
Bortolomasi et al. ([2007]) | 56 | 58% | N/A | + 16% | N/A | + | Fig two | HAMD24 | 22 ± 4 (7) | 25 ± 8 (12) | 18 ± 5 (7) | 11 ± 10 (12) | 4 ± 5 (7) | 14 ± 9 (12) |
Fig one | BDI21 | 27 ± 5 (7) | 26 ± 7 (12) | 22 ± 6 (7) | 12 ± 10 (12) | 5 ± 6 (7) | 14 ± 9 (12) | |||||||
Herwig et al. ([2007]) | 50 | 60% | some | + 6% | N/A | +D1 | Tab one | HAMD21 | 23 ± 5 (65) | 25 ± 5 (62) | 14 ± 8 (65) | 14 ± 6 (62) | 9 ± 7 (59) | 11 ± 6 (57) |
Tab two | ||||||||||||||
BDI21 | 27 ± 10 (65) | 27 ± 9 (62) | 18 ± 10 (65) | 16 ± 9 (62) | 9 ± 10 (59) | 11 ± 9 (57) | ||||||||
MADRS | 27 ± 6 (65) | 28 ± 7 (62) | 16 ± 9 (65) | 17 ± 8 (62) | 11 ± 8 (59) | 11 ± 8 (57) | ||||||||
Loo et al. ([2007]) | 48 | 47% | - | + 11% | - | + | Tab two | HAMD17 | 21 ± 4 (19) | 19 ± 4 (19) | 15 ± 7 (19) | 12 ± 6 (19) | 6 ± 6 (19) | 7 ± 5 (19) |
BDI21 | 34 ± 8 (19) | 27 ± 8 (19) | 27 ± 10 (19) | 18 ± 10 (19) | 7 ± 9 (19) | 9 ± 9 (19) | ||||||||
MADRS | 33 ± 4 (19) | 30 ± 4 (19) | 27 ± 10 (19) | 19 ± 8 (19) | 6 ± 9 (19) | 11 ± 7 (19) | ||||||||
O’Reardon et al. ([2007]) | 48 | 53% | some | - | - | - | Tab one | HAMD17 | 23 ± 4 (146) | 23 ± 3 (155) | 19 ± 6 (146) | 17 ± 6 (155) | 4 ± 5 (146) | 6 ± 5 (155) |
MADRS | 34 ± 6 (146) | 33 ± 6 (155) | 30 ± 10 (146) | 27 ± 11 (155) | 4 ± 9 (146) | 6 ± 10 (155) | ||||||||
Stern et al. ([2007]) | 53 | - | some | - | - | - | All (Tab three) | HAMD21 | 27 ± 3 (15) | 28 ± 4 (30) | 27 ± 4 (14) | 19 ± 8 (28) | 0 ± 4 (14) | 9 ± 7 (29) |
10Hz | 27 ± 3 (15) | 28 ± 3 (10) | 27 ± 4 (14) | 15 ± 6 (10) | 0 ± 4 (14) | 13 ± 5 (10) | ||||||||
1Hz L | 27 ± 3 (15) | 28 ± 4 (10) | 27 ± 4 (14) | 28 ± 6 (8) | 0 ± 4 (14) | 0 ± 5 (9) | ||||||||
1Hz R | 27 ± 3 (15) | 28 ± 4 (10) | 27 ± 4 (14) | 16 ± 5 (10) | 0 ± 4 (14) | 12 ± 5 (10) | ||||||||
Bretlau et al. ([2008]) | 55 | 62% | some | N/A | - | +D1 | Tab two | HAMD17 | 25 ± 3 (23) | 25 ± 3 (22) | 19 ± 5 (23) | 16 ± 4 (22) | 6 ± 4 (23) | 9 ± 4 (22) |
Mogg et al. ([2008]) | 54 | 63% | some | + 2% | N/A | + | Authors | HAMD17 | 22 ± 5 (30) | 21 ± 5 (29) | 20 ± 8 (29) | 16 ± 9 (28) | 2 ± 7 (30) | 5 ± 8 (28) |
BDI-II21 | 36 ± 10 (30) | 38 ± 11 (29) | 31 ± 15 (26) | 26 ± 15 (28) | 5 ± 13 (28) | 12 ± 14 (28) |