Using the yes/no recognition response pattern to detect memory malingering

BMC Psychology

Table 1 Neuropsychological and demographic results for the four groups of the clinical sample and the two groups of the experimental sample

	Probably malingering claimants	Probably non-malingering claimants	Inpatients with dementia	Inpatients with affective disorder			Instructed malingering participants	Instructed non-malingering participants
	(n = 11)	(n = 40)	(n = 13)	(n = 51)			(n = 20)	(n = 20)
Sex (female/male)	6/5	15/25	6/7	28/23	LR- χ ² = 2.97, df = 3, nonsignificant		12/8	10/10	LR- χ ² = 0.41, df = 1, nonsignificant
Analyses of Variance					F(3,111)	η²	Independent t-Tests		t-value	df
Age (years)	48.64^a	45.10^a	72.00^b	44.00^a	26.52***	0.42	43.70	44.20	−0.13	38
Age (years)	(8.87)	(9.34)	(8.48)	(11.84)	26.52***	0.42	(11.58)	(12.88)	−0.13	38
Years of education	11.64^ab	13.52^a	10.00^b	11.55^ab	5.00**	0.12	14.15	13.85	+0.25	38
Years of education	(2.62)	(4.03)	(3.11)	(3.28)	5.00**	0.12	(3.80)	(3.73)	+0.25	38
Analyses of Variance					F(2,99)	η²	Independent t-Tests		t-value	df
WMS-LM	20.70	26.51	-	25.41	2.35	0.05	15.90	28.75	-6.44***	38
Immediate recall_a	(6.38)	(6.61)	-	(8.39)	2.35	0.05	(6.82)	(5.75)	-6.44***	38
WMS-LM	13.20^a	20.85^ab	-	21.31^b	3.49*	0.07	9.95	24.35	-7.23***	38
Delayed recall_a	(8.35)	(8.11)	-	(9.77)	3.49*	0.07	(5.19)	(7.24)	-7.23***	38

Note: * = p ≤ 0.05, ** = p ≤ 0.01, *** = p ≤ 0.001. Standard deviations appear in parentheses below means; means in the same row sharing the same superscript letter do not differ significantly from one another at p ≤ 0.05; means that do not share superscripts differ at p ≤ 0.05 based on Scheffé test post-hoc paired comparisons.
^aWMS-LM: subtest Logical Memory of the German adaptation of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised.

ISSN: 2050-7283